Student Blog — Well, Well, Well – Look What We Found!

Suyang Liu

Water is one of the most essential resources for any human settlement, past or present. Access to clean, reliable water was a major factor in where people chose to build their homes, farms, and even entire communities. Wells provided a steady source of water for drinking, cooking, washing, and agriculture, making them super important for daily life and survival.

At our site, the well is located about 50 meters from the main excavation area. On April 30th, Lorna, Hailey, Zenya, and I started our first day of well excavation. Clearing the site was no small task, the ground was covered in dense grass, tangled branches, and stubborn tree roots. Many of the roots were large and deeply embedded, making them especially tough to remove. We also had to shift several large rocks to fully expose the well’s stone lining. It was a challenging but rewarding start to what promises to be an exciting excavation.

After a few hours of hard work, the well’s features were finally exposed!
The brush we use in archaeology is for gently clearing dust and dirt from stone surfaces and artifacts without damaging them.
Massive stones are gathered around the well, so we need to remove the stones in the center first.
A possible fossil we uncovered during the excavation – I heard Emma is a big fan and quite the expert on fossils!
The well reflects our shadows!

After a full day of digging, we finally reached the water level in the well. It’s always a rewarding moment to see the first signs of water, a reminder of the well’s original purpose. Interestingly, the water level seems much lower compared to 2023’s excavation records. This could be due to a particularly dry season or changes in the surrounding water table. Either way, it’s a great milestone in our excavation!

Lorna, Hailey, Zenya, and I peered down into the well, trying to watch our reflections in the water.
The wind was howling.

When we returned to the site on May 2nd, we found that the heavy rain from the previous day had knocked over our canopies and turned the ground into a muddy mess. The wind was still howling, making it a challenge to set everything back up.

But there was some good news: the well’s water level had risen slightly, making it look a bit more like an actual well and less like a dry pit. A small victory, but we’ll take it!

A tiny visitor!

While clearing the well after the rain, I spotted this tiny, pinkish ladybug clinging to a damp stone. It’s amazing how these little beetles can show up at our muddy excavation. A small but welcome guest of nature!

After days of digging and clearing, the well now stands fully uncovered.

Once we finally reached the water level, it was time to clean out the remaining mud and debris from the well. Under the guidance of Lorna and Hailey, we started illustrating the well in plan view, carefully mapping out each stone and feature.

At the end of the day, Kate reminded us to secure the well opening to prevent any accidental falls, a practical but slightly funny reminder that safety comes first! Zenya even moved the nearby road sign behind the well to the well’s edge, making the whole setup look impressively professional. We’re definitely starting to look like a real excavation crew!

After days of digging, clearing, sketching, sweating and getting muddy, the well finally stands uncovered, it is a silent witness to the lives that once drew water from its depths, now connected with the sounds of our modern trowels and brushes.

The archaeological field excavation is exhausting, but seeing the well slowly come back to life has been incredibly satisfying. Every rock moved and every layer cleared brings a small but meaningful piece of history back into our sight, and that makes all the effort worth it.

Back in the Lab

With the forecast last night indicating we would be in for some thunderstorms (and indeed one big storm rolled in around 6am this morning), we decided that today would be a day to catch up on artifact processing, paperwork, and setting the trailer to rights.

We met in the classroom first thing and had a chance to talk about all we have accomplished so far, and what still needs to get done in the last four days (!) of field school. Then everyone headed to the Archaeology Centre, where we had some people counting and bagging the artifacts that had been washed on Wednesday, while others started in on the bags of artifacts that need to be washed.

It is always fun to see the things that come out of the bags!

I had fun today trying to figure out what some of the enigmatic objects we have are. It was satisfying to ID a John Collins bottle, a vacuum tube, and this artifact:

I knew it had to be from some kind of equipment or machinery, but I couldn’t place what it was exactly. It is cast iron, and has three bolts so it obviously was attached to something larger. I was thinking it might be a tractor step, but I now know this is a step from a horse drawn cart or carriage!

You can see a similar one on this illustration of a hansom cab, mounted right underneath the passenger’s feet. Most of the artifacts we have found on the site date to the later phases of occupation, but every once in a while we have a peek into the earlier times of this site, which is exciting!

Here are some in much nicer condition than the one we found!

A pair of cast iron buggy steps for sale on eBay that are similar to ours.

Perhaps this was made by one of the many carriage makers we know was established in Peterborough in the nineteenth century. The southwest corner of the stretch of Brock Street between Water and George St. in particular had a major carriage factory owned by George Fitzgerald, known in the 1880s as Fitzgerald and Stanger, and later as Fitzgerald and Co.

Ad for Fitzgerald’s company and all the various things he made like carriages, buggies, delivery rigs, cutters, sleighs, wagons, and carts!

George Fitzgerald and Charles Stanger were both masters of the carriage trade. Their original factory at Aylmer and Charlotte burned to the ground in September 1882. Francis Birdsall built a new building at Water and Brock to Fitzgerald’s standards. Unfortunately, the new factory also burned down in September 1883, as a fire in a house at George and Brock spread rapidly through the Water St. livery stables of Hopkins and Montgomery, and from there to the carriage factory. It was rebuilt again and later on became the home of the Canadian Canoe Company.


We got a bunch of artifacts washed and they will hopefully dry over the weekend, the trailer has been cleaned out and organised, and we now have a site map. All in all it was a very successful morning! We stopped at lunch so everyone could start their long weekend a little early.

We’ll meet again on Tuesday for the last four days, happy Victoria Day weekend, everyone!

A good day’s work!

After the rain of yesterday it was really nice to have just overcast skies today! Work is continuing on the test units, and we are starting to find a lot of artifacts, which will be fun to process in the lab in the last few days of field school.

I usually spend most of the day cycling through all the excavation groups, offering advice or answering questions, and often taking pictures! Some of that is for our records of course, so we can see the progress of the excavation, but I also like capturing little moments of the day.

Lauren, Maddy, Cameron, and Avery are coming to a different stratum in their excavation, the lighter coloured soil with more rocks in it. It almost looks like sterile subsoil but it can’t be, because there are artifacts in it!
Breanna, Falon, Kyra, and Suyang have found a possible feature (the concentration of rocks) in their excavation unit, so they are recording a plan before sectioning and excavating part of it to determine what it is.
Haley and Trinity have finally found signs of the exterior wall of the structure in their unit! Now comes the exciting part to carefully clear away the dirt from the wall to expose it.
Asha and Zenya have figured out a comfortable way to complete paperwork for their excavation unit!
Jordan and Greg have been steadily taking down the levels of their excavation unit. I am pretty sure they have lucked out and have the unit with the fewest rocks this season!
Jacob, Thomas, and Nicolas have finished their test excavation, so they have now taken on mapping and recording duties for the site. We need to find the coordinates for the corners of our test units and also draw a site map with elevations.
Matie (in turns with Julie, who is behind me as I took this picture) are painstakingly screening all the artifacts from the soil of the midden unit. They’ve found a wide assortment of artifacts that will tell us a bit about the people who lived here.

The forecast says we are going to have rolling thunderstorms in the morning, alas, so we preemptively decided to button up the site for the weekend and focus on artifact processing and paperwork catch-up instead of trying to dig tomorrow. After today we only have five days left!

A very wet Wednesday

We’re running out of time so instead of calling a rain day, we needed to work through the steady drizzle that greeted us this morning. It was enough to make paperwork annoying, but not so much as to make it impossible to dig and screen. I think spirits were pretty high despite the weather, our group has really bonded together and are working well at getting the test units excavated!

A little rain can’t dampen Haley, Trinity, and Enya’s spirits!
Breanna, Suyang, Kyra, and Falon take a pause from digging to fill out a unit record form for the completed level!
Mason and Romy are patiently digging and screening in the constant drizzle.
Thomas, Nicolas, and Jacob have been taking out dirt among what looks like a destruction layer for the house.
Cameron, Maddy, Avery and Lauren are in some tough digging in the upper levels of their test unit!
At morning break we rigged up a tarp so at least our bags could stay somewhat dry!

After lunch I met some of our crew at the Archaeology Centre so that we could start washing some of the backlog of artifacts we have collected. The goal is to get everything washed and at least separated by material type and counted by the end of the field school! Some years that task is easier than others, depending on how much we find!

Maddy, Lauren, Mason, Romy, Avery and Cameron are the first to wash artifacts (we’ll get more crew in here once test units are finished!)
A beautifully arranged tray of artifacts from the probable root cellar feature aka “The Eminence”, washed by Lauren!

Site progressing

Excavations are proceeding nicely! As tasks are finishing at the other site, more people are moving over to BcGn-15, so we opened up four new excavation units.

Romy and Mason are continuing to take down the upper levels of their unit.
Greg and Jordan are also proceeding with the upper layers of their unit.
Julie and Matie are having fun in their midden unit.
Asha and Zenya are into the 10-20 cm layer of their unit.
Jacob, Nicolas, and Thomas have chosen to put their unit in what could be the middle of the structure. There is a hole open into the basement area which is intriguing.
Haley, Enya, and Trinity put their unit just to the west of the structure, hoping to capture some of the exterior foundation wall and area next to the house.
Cameron, Avery, and Lauren have decided to put their unit further west of the structure, possibly in the location of a laneway.
Break time is log updating time, we don’t have a nice mulch pile here, but we have some logs and leaf litter!
Lots going on in a small space!